Activity 2: Types of Network Hardware

Name at least THREE types of network hardware that you have learned in the lecture video. Provide their main functions too.

                      

Three types of network hardware with their main function;

1. Router- It is a network device with interfaces in multiple networks whose task is to copy packets from one network to another.

2. Switch- It is a network with multiple parts in one network whose task is to copy frames from one port to another.

3. NIC(Network Interface Card)- It is an expansion card which installed into a computer to enable the computer to physically connect to a Local Area Network.

Activity 1: LAN vs WAN

Provide two differences between these two forms of computer networks. Give examples for each type too.

LAN stands for local area network. It covers, as the name suggests, a local area. This usually includes a local office and they're also pretty common in homes now, thanks to the spread of Wi-Fi.

Whether wired or wireless, nearly all modern LANs are based on Ethernet. That wasn't the case in the 80s and 90s, where a number of standards, including NetBEUI, IPX and token ring and AppleTalk. Thanks in large part to its open technology, Ethernet rules supreme. It's been around since the early 70s and isn't going away anytime soon.

There are two ways to implement Ethernet: twisted-pair cables or wireless. Twisted pair cables plug into switches using RJ-45 connectors, similar to phone jacks. (Remember those?). Cables plug into switches, which can be connected to other networks. A connection to another network is a gateway that goes to another LAN or the Internet.

The other popular Ethernet access method is over Wi-Fi under the IEEE 802.11 standard. Almost all new routers can use the b/g/n standards. IEEE 802.11b and g operate in the 2.4 Ghz spectrum, while n operates in 2.4 and 5 Ghz, allowing for less interference and, thus, better performance. The downsides to wireless are the potential for interference and potential eavesdropping.

Wide Area Network (WAN)

WAN, in contrast to a LAN, refers to a wide area network. The name is exactly what it sounds like: a network that covers an area wider than a LAN. Beyond that, the definition is less clear. Distances can range from a network connecting multiple buildings on a corporate or college campus to satellite links connecting offices in different countries. The most popular WAN is the one you're using to read this article: the Internet. It's actually a collection of other networks, including other LANs and WANs - hence, the name.

WANs can be wired, using fiber-optic cable, for example, or wireless. A wireless WAN might use microwave or infrared (IR) transmission technology, or even satellite. Laying fiber may make sense when connecting a campus but becomes more expensive when connecting greater distances. To save money, an organization may opt for wireless technology or lease lines from a third party.